King Lear Comedy Or Tragedy Essays - King Lear, British Films

King Lear: Comedy or Tragedy? There has been many different views on the plays of William Shakespeare and definitions of what kind of play they were. The two most popular would be the comedy and the tragedy. King Lear to some people may be a comedy because they believe that the play has been over exaggerated. Others would say King Lear was a tragedy because there is so much suffering and chaos. What makes a Shakespearean play a comedy or a tragedy? King Lear would be a tragedy because it meets all the requirements of a tragedy as defined by Andrew Cecil Bradley. Bradley states that a Shakespearean tragedy must have to be the story of the hero and that there is exceptional suffering and calamity slowly being worn in as well as it being contrasted to happier times. The play also depicts the troubled parts in his life and eventually his death that is instantaneous caused by the suffering and calamity. There is the feeling of fear in the play as well, that makes men see how blind they are not knowing when fortune or something else would be on them. The hero must be of a high status on the chain and the hero also possesses a tragic flaw that initiates the tragedy. The fall of the hero is not felt by him alone but creates a chain reaction which affects everything below him. There must also be the element of chance or accident that influences some point in the play. King Lear meets all of these requirements that has been laid out by Bradley which is the most logical for a definition of a tragedy as compared to the definition of a comedy by G. Wilson Knight. The main character of the play would be King Lear who in terms of Bradley would be the hero and hold the highest position is the social chain. Lear out of Pride and anger has banished Cordelia and split the kingdom in half to the two older sisters, Goneril and Regan. This is Lear's tragic flaw which prevents him to see the true faces of people because his pride and anger overrides his judgement. As we see in the first act, Lear does not listen to Kent's plea to see closer to the true faces of his daughters. Kent has hurt Lear's pride by disobeying his order to stay out of his and Cordelia's way when Lear has already warned him, "The bow is bent and drawn, make from the shaft." Kent still disobeys Lear and is banished. Because of this flaw, Lear has initiated the tragedy by disturbing the order in the chain of being by dividing the kingdom, banishing his best servant and daughter, and giving up his thrown. Due to this flaw, Lear has given way to the two older daughters to conspire against him. Lear is finally thrown out of his daughters home and left with a fool, a servant and a beggar. This is when Lear realizes the mistake that he has made and suffers the banishment of his two eldest daughters. Lear is caught in a storm and begins to lose his sanity because he can not bear the treatment of his two daughters as well as the error he has made with Cordelia and Kent. Lear also suffers from rest when he is moving all over the place and the thing that breaks him is the death of his youngest daughter Cordelia. This suffering can be contrasted with other happier times like when Lear was still king and when he was not banished by his two daughters. The feeling of fear is when Lear is in the storm raging against the gods, "I tax not you, you elements, with unkindness. I never gave you kingdom, called you children, you owe me no subscription.", telling them to rage harder since he has not done anything for them and that he didn't deserve what he has received from his two daughters. The fear is how Lear in a short period of time went from king to just a regular peasant and from strong and prideful to weak and unconfident. This shows that men do not hold their own destiny and that even though things may be great now you can be struck down just as fast as was to Lear. The fall of Lear is not just the suffering of one man but the suffering of everyone down the chain. Gloucester loses his status and eyes, Cordelia and Kent banished, and Albany realizing his wife's true heart. Everything that happened to these

452 Essays

Grant Review and Evaluation BSHS/452 Essays Grant Review and Evaluation BSHS/452 Essay Grant Review and Evaluation BSHS/452 Essay Grant Review and Evaluation BSHS/452 Instructor Rick Bazant University of Phoenix (Axia) November 25, 2013 Critique Sheet On: The Behavioral Organization Community Resource Center from Team A Group Assignment Credibility Component Credibility of organization is established Directors of organization and appropriate personnel are identified. Contact person is established as well as preferred forms of contact. Target Population stated. Need Component Need Component States the problem in detail. Need Component state the mission as well strategic planning to complete the mission. Need Component Supports the proposal with relevant data. The organizations programs current need for the fund is established. Objectives Component Proposal describes outcomes that are measurable and achievable. Timelines are achievable. Deadlines for time frame are achievable. Met ods Component Clearly states objectives. The methods component includes staffing and programs. Evaluation Component Tells how evaluation will be completed. Tells how data will be gathered. Includes measurable steps. Future Funding Component Expresses the possibility of future funding needs. Budget Component Is Accurate. Is sufficient and covers cover cost Establishes how funds will be used. Includes sources of other income Individual Response I fully support funding, and look forward to future funding opportunities to support the organizations mission. Explanation of Rating The grant proposal is clearly presented and is to be considered accurately configured Research goals are clearly identified, exhibits rigorous standards of inquiry suitable to the organization. Budget request is clearly related to the project and well supported. The proposal is well written and understandable. Objectives and outcomes for the organization are clear, measurable and tangible. The proposed trategies are realistic, effective and outcome-oriented. The organization has credibility. The human resource allocation to this project is appropriate, and stakeholders, partners, clients and funder representatives will participate in the planning, implementing and evaluation process. The proposal includes a collaborative approach and there is a solid evaluation form. The rating for the proposal is excellent, and to be recognized for its strategic planning, as well as clearly stated objectives. As a team, team A came together to configure a grant proposal based on an organization that was created amongst each ther and did a great Job at doing so. The proposal is clearly stated, with technical writing and objectives well presented, sure to catch the eye of the funder. Also, the organizations proposal has a fit with the funders priorities and parameters. The proposal summary succinctly and convincingly states the importance of the program. All of the above has been determined by careful review and consideration, as well a from knowledge obtained throughout the course of this class. Reference Guidelines for Critiquing Grant Proposals. Retrieved November 24, 2013 from http:// www. umbc. edu/bioclass/bi01456/GRADcritiques. pdf

Elizabeth Bennet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Elizabeth Bennet - Essay Example (87) Elizabeth is intelligent, and has a quick and lively wit. This in particular distinguishes her from Lydia and Mrs Bennet, because Pride and Prejudice makes heavy use of dialog to characterize people and tell the story. Elizabeth thinks and speaks on a variety of subjects, whereas Lydia and Mrs Bennet are concerned only with parties, officers, and husbands. Elizabeth is sometimes deeply embarrassed by the behavior of her family, and recognizes that Lydia's behavior is out of control in part due to lack of discipline on her mother's part: "supported by [her] mother's indulgence, what chance could there be of improvement" (175) Both Elizabeth and Lydia are vivacious and lively, but while Elizabeth tempers these qualities with good manners and her understanding of and attention to social conventions, Lydia lacks any sort of good judgment. She is unable and unwilling to restrain her impulsive nature, and is never able to understand that her behavior reflects badly on herself and her family. Returning to Longbourne after marrying Wickham, Lydia is unrepentant, full of "ease and good spirits" (255) and thinks only of boasting about her marriage, and other "subjects which her sisters would not have alluded to for the world". (255) Elizabeth shares few, if any qualities with her mother

Case study on Nokia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Case study on Nokia - Essay Example Situation Analysis Market Analysis According to Informa Telecoms & Media, the global mobile phone sales are going to decline sharply in the next 5 years. The forecast says that total sales will be down by as much as 14% all around the world. Previously the expectation was that 7.43 billion devices would be purchased between 2011 and 2013; however that figure was lowered down to 6.39 billion. This downturn in the sales of mobile devices will be a major reason for handset manufacturers to turn their attention to the smartphone market, in order to maintain and increase the targeted sales value. Company Analysis Nokia provides cellular phone communication apparatus for all critical market, including WCDMA, GSM and CDMA. Its recent venture into the smartphone industry has been somewhat mediocre. However, the organisation began as a manufacturer of pulp, rubber and cable. The organisation was founded by Fredrick Idestam in the year 1865. The company has strong research and development activities in over 10 countries and device manufacturing units in nine countries. The company sells its products in more than 150 countries around the globe. Product Line Analysis The current product line analysis of Nokia is: Nokia Lumia Nokia Lumia is an innovative new venture of Nokia in partnership with Windows. The UK market currently has the models 800 and 710. The models have features like instant updates, super-fast mobile internet and innovative design. Smartphones Nokia’s Smartphones consists of business tools, social tools and navigation systems. It includes real time emails, calendar and document sharing features, sharing files in social networking sites, and most importantly GPS navigation systems. Symbian Belle The Nokia 700 and 600 are categorised under the Symbian Belle consisting of eye catching design, NFC sharing, faster browsing, six home screens, live widgets and pull down taskbar. Mobile Phones Other than Smartphones the general products can be typed based on features like touch, type, touch and type and keyboard. There is the E series, Asha range, C series, X series and N series. Accessories This consists of NFC sharing Bluetooth, cases and covers and travel in-car equipment. Customer Analysis Nokia is the largest manufacturer of mobile phones in the world. The success of handset manufacturers amidst this high rate of competition depends on successful market segmentation. Following are the segmentation variables of Nokia: Hi-fliers-This segment is concerned with the business executives and corporate honchos for whom cell phones are a device to co-ordinate and increase efficiency and productivity if business. In most cases

REVIEW THIESIS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

REVIEW THIESIS - Essay Example Additionally, the study also discusses past research findings pertaining to the connection between education and creativity, particularly on how it contributed to success in business education. Moreover, the study will discuss the role of creativity in real life situations and the challenges of incorporating creativity within education with special emphasis on the business sector (Fasko, 2001, p.321). The twenty-first century is an age of globalization, telecommunication and digitalization of various forms of technologies. Therefore, this rapidly changing world demands people to multi-task and have the relevant skills in order to adapt. People need to have the ability to be flexible and process information quickly and efficiently. To succeed in the twenty-first century workforce, it is important for an individual to have certain skills: for example, problems, solving, goal setting and creative thinking skills. According to Jeffrey and Woods (2003, p. 122), an education system can develop these skills by raising and encouraging creativity among students. Education can encourage flexibility, innovation and positive creative thinking among students. Unfortunately, the education system in most institutions also contributes to avoidance of creativity among students. Despite the importance of formal education in the lives of people, most educational systems are failing to recognize the importance of developing creativity among the students. As Shaheen and Robinson (2010) argue, the education system is limiting the extent to which students can discover their creative potential. This is because creativity is not the main objective of the learning and assessment process in education. Most educational systems put more emphasis on the importance of meeting the objectives and goals of the school program but fail to address the importance of creativity among the

Security In Different Schools Of Thought Politics Essay

Security In Different Schools Of Thought Politics Essay Political analysts agree that international security is the most important contemporary global issue. Twenty first century politics has brought urgency to consider the proliferation of weapons, increase in military spending, and terrorism. In principle, security is a condition in which States consider that there is no danger of military attack, political pressure or economic coercion, so that they are able to pursue freely their own development and progress. International security is thus the result and the sum of the security of each and every State member of the international community; accordingly, international security cannot be reached without full international co-operation. However, security is a relative rather than an absolute term. National and international security need to be viewed as matters of degree. Concepts of security are the different bases on which States and the international community as a whole relies for their security. Examples of concepts are the balance o f power, deterrence, peaceful coexistence and collective security. The reason to address security in this paper is the belief that an understanding of the broader scope of security should make it possible for states to deal more effectively, both individually and collectively, with current problems and threats to peace. So accordingly the paper will deal with analysis of security as a concept well established specially since the world war and how different schools of thought defined it. Also the current issues of human security and its impact on foreign policy options will be discussed besides the national interest debate in international relations. What is security? There is no agreement on the concept of security. Notwithstanding the wide range of studies of security published over the past sixty years, no single generally accepted definition of security has been produced. The concept of security is as contested as ever. To understand the concept of security we should first define its relation to the state, is it an internal matter related to domestic circumstances or an external matter related to international context. As a matter of fact security as a predominant issue had developed and went through various phases marked by the two world wars, the Westphalia conference also had an impact on it, the huge advance in military and technological tools had dramatic influence as well. Still the concept remained contested between different theories and theorists and between different zeit geist shaping the interests and policies of states. In the Westphalia world of internally strong states, there is less danger of internal conflict, and the international system is marked by conflicts  among  states rather than  within  them.   Since 1945, however, many of the most significant threats to state security have been internal, rather than external, a shift which has only accelerated and which may have profound consequences on the conduct of international relations. So traditionally, security was defined primarily at the nation-state level and almost exclusively through the military prism. This focus on external military threat to national security was particularly dominant during the Cold War. It would be misleading, however, to associate the origins of security studies with the Cold War and the recent nuclear threat. In the first decade after the Second World War academic interest in security studies increased significantly. Although questions of national security were usually treated within the broader framework of international relations and foreign policy, this period has been described as the most creative and exciting period in the entire history of security studies Security in different schools of thought Security has been a cornerstone in realism theories and studies; neorealism has even put more emphasis on security and power as determining factors in states decisions and position. Thus a detailed explanation of realism security view follows. While Liberal school was seen as counter theory for realism, for the interest of this paper focus will be shed on these two leading theories. Realism: Realism has been the most dominant theoretical tradition in international relations and security studies. Its philosophical foundations were laid by Thucydides, Machiavelli, Hobbes and Rousseau. The realists world view represents international relations as a struggle for power among strategic, self-interested states. Realists discount any claims to system-wide international order other than that based ultimately on power or force. They argue that international society is best described as a condition of international anarchy, since there is no central authority to protect states from one another. States act as independent, sovereign political units that focus on their own survival (or expansion). For that reason, the objective of national security is survival of the nation-state rather than the guarantee of international security .Realists are not prepared to engage in long-term accommodation or cooperation. In this view, world politics is anarchical characterized by a state of war, not a single continuous war or constant wars but the constant possibility of war among all states. Consequently, the realist perceives a period of peace as a state of non-war. The possibility of war requires that states follow Realpolitik: be self interested, prepare for war and calculate relative balances of power. A state is constantly seeking relative gains and its behavior is therefore continuously determined to facilitate self-preservation by the actual balance of power between political powers à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ this is what security stands for. As a product of presumed uncertainty, a central issue in nearly all realist theory is the security dilemma. Due to their continuous efforts to guarantee their own security and survival, states are driven to acquire more and more power in order to escape the impact of the power of others. This, in turn, constitutes a threat to the security of other states. Traditional Cold War concepts of nuclear strategies and deterrence only emphasize this line of thought. Striving to attain maximum security from attack therefore inevitably produces new insecurities. Realism is not a single theory. It could be argued that there are two crosscutting dichotomies: classical realism versus neorealism, and offensive realism versus defensive realism. Classical realists, of which one of the most influential was Hans Morgenthau believe that states, like human beings, have an innate desire to dominate others, which leads them to fight wars. In this perspective, state power and security are ends in themselves. Neorealists see the international system consisting of a number of great powers, each seeking to survive. Because the system is anarchic and has no central authority, each state has to survive on its own. This driving force of survival is the primary factor influencing their behavior and in turn ensures that states develop offensive military force, as a means to increase their relative power. The classical focus on the centrality of power shifts gradually towards a more neorealist view whereby power becomes a means to gain security. Neorealists bring attention to a persistent lack of trust between states which requires states to act in an openly aggressive manner. Though neorealists recognize that international democratic structures and liberal economics are imperative to peace, security stems from balancing strategies based on sound military capabilities. For that reason, neorealism can be considered the dominant paradigm in security studies. Despite the varieties of realist thought, all realists stress the centrality of military threat and the use of force. The referent object of security is the state; states act as strategic, self-interested units which seek to ensure their own security. In all cases, the realist concept of security has been severely criticized as being too narrow to account for the multiple dimensions of security. Liberalism: The principal challenge to realism came from liberal theory, the foundations of which were laid, by the German philosopher Immanuel Kant. A central principle of liberalism is the importance of the freedom of the individual. Foreign policy should reflect the rights and duties of individuals. Liberals understanding of security differs in part from that of realists. Reflecting the aims of the individual, liberal states view security not only in military terms, but also in terms of the protection and promotion of individual rights. For example, the liberal approach to combating terrorism focuses far more on the application of legal instruments than on the use of military force. Thats to say that liberal concept of security tends to include issues such as migration, environmental concerns. Like realism, liberalism is not a single theory. Although all liberal theories imply that cooperation is more pervasive than even the defensive version of realism allows, each view offers a different recipe for promoting it. It is worth noting that Liberalism has such a powerful presence that the entire political spectrum of the Western world, it is no surprise that liberal themes are constantly invoked as a response to contemporary security dilemmas. Also Liberal theory believes in the innate goodness of mankind to conduct peace-keeping relations in the international system where States rely on mutual cooperation to tackle global issues. Managing security issues according to this theory requires the involvement of international institutions, along with the cooperation of states to achieve this.The Liberal theory of security management consists of two key methods; collective security and arms control. 1. Collective Security Liberal theorists strongly believe in the power of collective security. This is a protective measure used by a group of allied states. When threatening and unlawful actions are directed at one state, united opposition is shown by the other supporting states. The goal is to stop the aggressor while creating security in the international system. Collective security can be best described by the concept of one for all, all for one.Another important function of this security measure is to ward off potential aggressors from acting. 2. Arms Control In global politics, arms control is best described by either the controlling, reducing, limiting, or abolishing weapons completely. Another approach to controlling weapons includes general disarmament. According to Liberal theory, arms proliferation and specialization can be reduced.Having fewer weapons means reduced insecurity so long as states agree to carry out this task mutually. National security and IR Human security In 1994, the United Nations Development Programs (UNDP) Human Development Report presented a new way of thinking about the integration of security issues and globalization. This report defined human security according to seven dimensions: personal, environmental, economic, political, community, health, and food security, the report adopted a people-centric security concept as its focus instead of the traditional state-centered concept The concept of human security stresses that people should be able to take care of themselves: all people should have the opportunity to meet their most essential needs and to earn their own living. This will set them free and help ensure that they can make a full contribution to development their own development and that of their communities, their countries and the world, Human security is a critical ingredient of participatory development. Human security is therefore not a defensive concept, the way territorial or military security is. Human security is a concept that identifies the security of human lives as the central objective of national and international security policy. After 1994, the concept of human security became a central theme of a number of governments through their foreign and defense policies. In particular, the Canadian, Japanese and Norwegian governments led the way in institutionalizing human security concerns into their respective foreign policies. According to a Canadian government report, human security means safety for people from both violent and non-violent threats. It is a condition or state of being characterized by freedom from pervasive threats to peoples rights, their safety, or even their lives. Also the report emphasized that increasing human security entails: Investing in human development, not in arms; Engaging policy makers to address the emerging peace dividend; Giving the United Nations a clear mandate to promote and sustain development; Enlarging the concept of development cooperation so that it includes all flows, not just aid; Agreeing that 20 percent of national budgets and 20 percent of foreign aid be used for human development; and Establishing an Economic Security Council Human security and Foreign policy: A departure from the realist, state-centered concept of security that has dominated foreign policy thinking of major powers, this conceptual reframing of security has important implications on foreign policy. It brings new issues or vulnerabilities and measures or actions as priorities for global security that were not on the security agendas, it has huge impact on foreign policy orientations especially when it comes to big powers decisions The issue of oppression and physical violence due to deliberate action and neglect by the state to its own citizens. Vulnerability to poverty and destitution as a factor inter-connected with threats of violence. Development and ending poverty as important means to achieve human security. Actors other than the state as sources of threat and as holders of obligations to protect; Global inter-connectedness of security threats (such as terrorist networks, global financial crises and global diseases) and necessary responses. Questions have been raised about the relationship between human security and state security and actions in foreign affairs. Contrary to some claims, the twokinds of security are not mutually exclusive. The security of the state is not an end in itself rather it is a means of ensuring security for people. In this context, state security and human security are in fact mutually supportive and accordingly the decisions made to maintain security of the state in foreign affairs and in international relations had a direct influence on humans security. Building an effective, democratic state that values its own people and protects minorities is central to promoting human security. At the same time, improving the human security of its people strengthens the legitimacy, stability and security of a state. So the interdependent relation is crystal clear. Human security provides a template to assess policy and practice effects on the safety of people. From a foreign policy perspective, there are a number of key consequences; First ensuring human security can involve the use of coercive measures, including sanctions and military force, as in Bosnia and Kosovo. On the other hand the human costs of strategies for promoting state and international security must be explicitly assessed. security policies such as economic sanctions, should take into account the impact on innocent people. Third, security policies must be integrated much more closely with strategies for promoting human rights, democracy, and development. Human rights and humanitarian provide the normative framework on which a human security approach is based. On the other hand one of the dividends of adopting a human security approach is that it further elaborates a people-centred foreign policy. Fourth, due to the complexity of contemporary challenges to the security of people, effective interventions involve a diverse range of actors including states, multilateral organizations, and civil society groups. As the challenges to the safety of people are transnational, effective responses can only be achieved through multilateral cooperation. This is evident in the new international instruments developed to address transnational drug trafficking, terrorism, and environmental issues. These threats link the interest of citizens in countries which enjoy a high level of human security with the interests of people in much poorer nations, who face a wider range of threats to their safety. This has a direct impact on foreign policy implementation and interests. The relationship between national and international security The changing international environment, following the advent of globalization and end of cold war politics has made it imperative for both practitioners and scholars to rethink and redefine the existing framework on which foreign policy operated. Foreign relations are in fact developed in the context of the security environment. However, security issues are no longer seen in the pure realist term of preserving the national security of the states in terms of territory only. States have aligned and realigned to further their national interest by forming new regional and economic blocs, while putting aside historical and cultural hostility, and arriving at consensus over various issues of global concerns. National and international security are becoming increasingly interrelated, thereby challenging the notion that security is primarily a function of national power or military and economic strength. Searching for solutions to the problem of insecurity, many nations increasingly find themselves face-to-face with circumstances beyond their direct control, such as a structural economic crisis and global economic, population, environmental and resource trends. All nations face universal threats posed by the nuclear arms race. Global interdependence has created a situation in which actions not only by major Powers but also by other nations can have major regional or even international repercussions. Only by recognizing that security is not divisible, either in its military, economic, social and political dimensions or as between its national and international aspects, can nations evolve the co-operative measures necessary to achieve security in an interdependent age. This requires a comprehensive and co-operative approach to international security(a liberal version of security). The unrestrained pursuit of national security interests at the expense of others is not conducive to international security and may even lead to disaster. With the existence of nuclear weapons such policies constitute a potential threat to the survival of mankind. It is imperative that nations reconcile the contradictions between individual national security interests and the overall interest of international security and peace. Conclusion

Drug Policy :: essays research papers

Drug Policy Colloquium Reflection   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The war on drugs and the violence that comes with it has always brought around a hot debate about drug legalization. The amount of violence that is associated with drugs is a result from harsher drug laws and prohibition.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The business of buying and selling drugs comes with high transactions costs. The dealer cannot risk being caught or scammed so he buys a gun to defend himself from the police and other dealers. The buyer of the drugs does not to be killed for his money if the dealer gets greedy so he buys a gun for himself. Now we have two people that if it came down to it, would kill for their crack rocks. Also, if a buyer got a bad crack rock or got less than he paid for, he cannot go the police or file a complaint. He must take matters into his own hands resulting in violence. If drugs were legalized, they would be safer in the sense that the crack-head that needs his daily crack rock would not have to deal directly with dangerous drug dealers and criminals and risk getting shot for his money. Instead, he can go down to the local â€Å"drug store† and get his drugs safely.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Drugs will even become safer for those who are willing to use them. Government regulations on drug quality will make the drugs more pure, and potent, taking the harmful additives that some drug makers put in. Like cigarettes, warnings would probably be posted on drug packages stating â€Å"The use of crack may be harmful to your health.† As well as on windows of the stores that sells the drugs. An age limit to buy drugs would probably be 21. Clean, sterile needles would also be provided to heroin users and stop the spread of diseases such as AIDS from contaminated and dirty needles.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I think that if drugs were legalized, use of legal drugs would tend to rise because it would be easier to obtain them and it may encourage people to try them out. However, the increase would only be for a short time period. In the long run, drug use would decrease because all the users that are using more drugs because they are easier to get would overdose and kill themselves and set an example for other people thinking about trying drugs. Another reason why drug use would decrease is that the reason why some people use drugs is because they are illegal.

PTLLS Assignment. The teaching and training cycle Essay

|Using the teaching and training cycle |Identifying needs and planning | |as a model, discuss one responsibility|One role/ responsibility of a teacher is to initially assess the students in order to identify their current skills; their preferred learning styles and any barriers or| |which would come under each part of |challenges to learning. This will enable the teacher to plan lessons according to the needs of the learners and in accordance with organisational policies and | |the cycle. |procedures. | | | | | |Designing | | | One role/ responsibility of a teacher is to prepare teaching and learning resources and activities. This will usually involve designing a scheme of work, session plans | | |and appropriate materials and resources suitable to the level and needs of the learners. | | | | | |Facilitating | | |One role/ responsibility of a teacher is to use a variety of teaching and learning materials and approaches to motivate, engage and encourage learning in an appropriate| | |and professional manner. | | | | | |Assessing | | |It is the role / responsibility of a teacher to assess learners’ progress in accordance with the requirements of the awarding organisation. The teacher does this by | |Â  |preparing realistic assessment materials (both formative and summative) and by giving feedback to the learners on what has been done correctly and what needs to be | | |improved on. | | | | | |Evaluating | | |It is the role/ responsibility of the teacher to reflect on the teaching and learning process. This involves reflecting on the weaknesses and strengths of the lesson | | |plans, the resources and the actual delivery with the aim of improving the teaching and learning process. The reflection is usually done by the teacher after each | | |lesson and sometimes by students/other teachers. | |Discuss 2 professional boundaries you |I would need to remain in control, be fair and ethical with all my students and not demonstrate any favouritism towards particular students. For example, I should not | |would need to maintain. |give one student more support than I give to the others. | | | | | | I would need to remain professional when in contact with other co-workers within the organisation and not to overstep the boundary of my role as a teacher. For example,| | |if something goes wrong with the electrical system while I am teaching, I should not try to fix this myself but rather I should call the electrical crew. | |Give 2 examples of when you might need|Two examples of when I might need to refer a learner for him/her to get needed support are: | |to refer a learner in order for them |The learner is being abused in any form. | |to get needed support. |The learner has depression issue that is affecting his/her learning process. | |List 2 responsibilities you have in |Two responsibilities I have in respect to other professionals I work with are: | |respect to other professionals you |I should ensure that all my administrative work such as class register; students’ assessment records are up to date. | |will work with. |I should ensure that I complete my lessons within the scheduled time so that the next teacher can start his/her lesson on time. |

The Fate of The Universe Revealed

The Fate of The Universe Revealed Free Online Research Papers Abstract By introducing virtual 4th dimension to represent time in similar manner like 3 dimensions of space which can be measure in terms of length, the attempt is made to explain how velocity of the object in â€Å"Special Theory of Relativity† causes time dilation and how matter affects time in case of â€Å"General Theory of Relativity†. Same concept has been used to solve the â€Å"Galaxy Rotation Curve† problem and pioneer anomaly without need of any dark matter. Finally, it is shown that, increase in time affects gravity giving new definition to gravity based on which explosion of black hole and evolution of Universe is predicted. Keywords: Galaxy Rotation Curve, Dark Matter, Special and General Theory of Relativity. Introduction Our Universe is made of 3 dimensional space and one dimensional time (atleast these are the dimensions which are directly affecting to us in our day to day life and are not hidden like those remaining 7 dimensions in case of string theory). As per special and general theory of relativity, these 3 dimensional space and time are not two separate things, but are closely connected to each other. Hence, instead of measuring time in terms of unit of second, by introducing virtual 4th dimension, we can represent time in terms of measuring unit meter such that one second equal to 3*108 meter. Time Dilation in Special Theory of Relativity In following figure, the 3 dimensional space is considered as 2 dimensional sheet moving in remaining vertical virtual dimension at the speed of light, (c= 3 * 108 m) for mass less (energy) particles like photons. In real Universe, the vertical dimension shown in figure is not as like dimensions of the space having length, but it is an imaginary dimension. Here, for simplicity, it is assumed that the vertical dimension representing time is similar to dimensions of space having length as measuring quantity so that 1 second in vertical dimension is equivalent to 3* 108 m. In other words, 3 Dimensional Space is moving in 4th Dimension at the speed equal to speed of light for mass less particles like photon. Figure – 1.0 The above concept very well explains why particles like photons can travel at speed of light? It is a mass less particle which do not affect space-time geometry. Also, from figure it is seen that, for photon which is travelling at the speed of the light, its time from the frame of reference of the stationary object should be equal to zero i.e vertical distance measured in above figure should be zero. In other words, photon or energy particles should entirely live only in 3 Dimensional space. For the object having velocity less than the speed of light, the vertical distance or time can be calculated as shown in following figure. Figure – 2.0 In above figure, when the object is at stationary (V=0), the vertical dimension will always measure the distance equal to 3 * 108 m in 1 second. But, if the same object travels at velocity ‘V’, then, in one second, the vertical distance will measure [c*Sqrt{1-(V2/c2)}] m, because, the path of the object no longer remain perpendicular to our 2 Dimensional sheet but remains in inclined direction as shown in figure -2. Therefore, time of the moving object will always remain less than time in reference frame of stationary object or time is slowed down with increase in velocity ‘V of the object which is nothing but â€Å"Time Dilation† phenomenon in â€Å"Special Theory of Relativity†. Also, for moving object, time get slow down and not for the stationary object, hence, twin paradox will never happen. It is something like every object (moving as well as stationary) always remains attached with fixed or absolute frame of reference in their frame of referen ce. It means, the moving as well as stationary object in their respective frame of reference will always measure one second equal to 3* 108m in above figure. For stationary object, time and space never mixed with each other or remains as separate entities, while for moving object, its velocity V in space affects its time or vertical distance measured in virtual dimension. Time Dilation in General Theory of Relativity As per General Theory of Relativity, matter bends space-time making curvature of space-time around it giving effect of gravity and this curvature depends upon quantity of matter. More matter, more will be curvature of space-time. This concept usually demonstrated by scientists as the heavy object kept in middle of 2 dimensional rubber sheet representing fabric of 3 dimensional space which bends the rubber sheet due to its weight. When another light object is moved from edge of rubber sheet towards the heavy object, it got trapped in curvature (gravity effect) made by heavy object and follow inward spiral trajectory around this heavy object such that its velocity increases with decrease in distance from the heavy object. Finally, it collapsed into heavy object. Thus, in this demonstration, curvature of rubber sheet due to presence of heavy object very well explains gravity effect according to General Theory of Relativity. But, there is one hidden thing in above demonstration that is, in order to produce curvature effect on rubber sheet due to weight of heavy object, it requires additional force in remaining 3rd dimension (perpendicular to 2 dimensional rubber sheet) which is nothing but gravitational force produced by the Earth. For example, if same demonstration is done on the moon, the curvature produced by heavy object will become less than that on the Earth because gravitational strength of the Earth is six times greater than the moon. Now, Einstein is on right track with respect to his General Theory of Relativity which has been already confirmed through number of experiments like bending of light, mercury perihelion, gravitational lensing etc. It suggests that in order to produce effect of curvature of space-time, matter must have to produce force in the vertical virtual dimension so that this force causes the matter to move in opposite direction of flow of time. In other words, the object due to presence of its matter always moves in opposite direction wi th respect to direction of flow of time. It can be explained in the following figure: Figure – 3.0 From above, it is clear that presence of matter bends space-time slowing down time such that time near surface of the object is always less than away from it. But as already told, the vertical dimension is a virtual dimension representing time for our sake of simplicity, in real universe, instead of bending of space in time or virtual vertical dimension, it remains as flat 2 dimensional sheet such that its density become higher near the surface of the object which decreases as moving away from the object. Or space-time is not empty but filled with medium having its own density representing flat space-time which can be called as vacuum density. Thus, presence of matter causes increase in vacuum density near the object which decreases while going away from the object and finally become constant to represent flat space-time. But, if gravitational constant, G is really a constant, then curvature of space-time in above figure should not changed with increase in time difference, ?T because of increase in time itself. This can be achieved by keeping restriction on gravitational strength (acceleration) due to Gravitational Constant, G up to specified region such that beyond this region effect of G on gravitational strength become very negligible and it entirely depends upon increase in time i.e. changes in curvature of space-time is more beyond this region. The equation for gravitational strength can be written as: g = (G*M/r2)*{1+ (3P/?c2)} f(T) = a f(T) (1) -Ve sign indicates that spreading of curvature of space-time radially out. In other words, the force due to f(T) acts like repulsive force or opposite to attractive gravitational force. Where, g = Gravitational strength or acceleration, G = Gravitational constant = 6.67*10-11 m3/(Kg*Sec2); M = Mass of the object creating gravitational field, r= distance from the center of the object, and f(T) = Function of Time which acts opposite to gravitational strength. From above eq., for f(T) very less than a, G dominates the gravitational strength and as a becomes very less than f(T) because of inverse square relationship with r, g must be expressed in terms of f(T). Note that value of G always remains constant and changes in curvature of space-time is governed by f(T) beyond the region from where effect of G becomes negligible while effect of increase in time dominates beyond this region. The above analysis can be well illustrated in following figure; Figure – 4.0 From above figure, the region for which value of af(T) the change in the value of g is very small while for a

Civil Wars Wet Plate Collodion Photography

Civil War's Wet Plate Collodion Photography The wet plate collodion process was a manner of taking photographs which used panes of glass, coated with a chemical solution, as the negative. It was the method of photography in use at the time of the Civil War, and it was a fairly complicated procedure. The wet plate method was invented by Frederick Scott Archer, an amateur photographer in Britain, in 1851. Frustrated by the difficult photography technology of the time, a method known as calotype, Scott Archer sought to develop a simplified process for preparing a photographic negative. His discovery was the wet plate method, which was generally known as the â€Å"collodion process.† The word collodion refers to the syrupy chemical mixture which was used to coat the glass plate. Numerous Steps Were Required The wet plate process required considerable skill. The required steps: A glass sheet was coated with chemicals, known as collodion.The coated plate was immersed in a bath of silver nitrate, which made it sensitive to light.The wet glass, which would be the negative used in the camera, was then placed in a light-proof box.The negative, in its special light-proof holder, would be placed inside the camera.A panel in the light-proof holder, known as the dark slide, along with the lens cap of the camera, would be removed for several seconds, thereby taking the photograph.The â€Å"dark slide† of the light-proof box was replaced, sealing the negative up in darkness again.The glass negative was then taken to the darkroom and developed in chemicals and â€Å"fixed,† making the negative image on it permanent. (For a photographer working in the field during the Civil War, the darkroom would be an improvised space in a horse-drawn wagon.)The negative could be coated with a varnish to ensure the permanence of the image.Prints would later be generated from the glass negative. The Wet Plate Collodion Process Had Serious Drawbacks The steps involved in the wet plate process, and the considerable skill required, imposed obvious limitations. Photographs taken with the wet plate process, from the 1850s through the late 1800s, were almost always taken by professional photographers in a studio setting. Even photographs taken in the field during the Civil War, or later during expeditions to the West, required the photographer to travel with a wagon full of equipment. Perhaps the first war photographer was a British artist, Roger Fenton, who managed to transport cumbersome photographic equipment to the battlefront of the Crimean War. Fenton had mastered the wet plate method of photography soon after it became available and put it into practice shooting landscapes of the British midlands. Fenton took a trip to Russia in 1852 and took photographs. His travels proved that the latest photographic method could be utilized outside of a studio. However, traveling with the equipment and the necessary chemicals to develop the images would present a formidable challenge. Traveling to the Crimean War with his photographic wagon was difficult, yet Fenton managed to shoot impressive photographs. His images, while praised by art critics upon his return to England, were a commercial failure. Roger Fentons photographic van used in the Crimean War, with his assistant posing on its bench. Library of Congress While Fenton had transported his ungainly equipment to the front, he purposely avoided photographing the ravages of war. He would have had many opportunities  to depict wounded or dead soldiers. But he probably assumed his intended  audience in Britain did not want to see such things. He sought to portray a more glorious side of the conflict, and tended to photograph officers in their dress uniforms. In fairness to Fenton, the wet plate process made it impossible to photograph action on the battlefield. The process allowed for a shorter exposure time than previous photographic methods, yet it still required the shutter to be open for several seconds. For that reason there could not be any action photography with wet plate photography, as any action would blur. There are no combat photographs from the Civil War, as people in the photographs had to hold a pose for the length of the exposure. And for photographers working in battlefield or camp conditions, there were great obstacles. It was difficult to travel with the chemicals required for preparing and developing the negatives. And the glass panes used as negatives were fragile and carrying them in horse-drawn wagons presented a whole set of difficulties. Generally speaking, a photographer working in the field, such as Alexander Gardner when he shot the carnage at Antietam, would have an assistant along who mixed the chemicals. While the assistant was in the wagon preparing the glass plate, the photographer could set up the camera on its heavy tripod and compose the shot. Even with an assistant helping, each photograph taken during the Civil War would have required about ten minutes of preparation and developing. And once a photograph was taken and the negative was fixed, there was always a problem of a negative cracking. A famous photograph of Abraham Lincoln by Alexander Gardner shows damage from a crack in the glass negative, and other photographs of the same period show similar flaws. By the 1880s a dry negative method began to be available to photographers. Those negatives could be purchased ready to be used, and did not require the complicated process of preparing the collodion as required in the wet plate process.

International business strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

International business strategies - Essay Example Either the author of the statement is unbelievably naive, or it is merely an attempt to be provocative with didactic intent. Take the classic example of Mark & Spencer plc, which began in 1894 as a single high street store owned by two men, selling all items said to be costing no more than a penny to the customer. Over the years it conquered the retail sector with branches in prime locations all over the UK, and in overseas territories, totalling more than 885 stores. Not only did Marks & Spencer evolve into the giant corporation which it is today by reading the changes in the environment well, and meeting the growing needs of more and more affluent consumers, it also influenced the shopping habits of its clients. The business firm is not a faceless entity; at best, it can be an icon of social and economic progress, and at worst become vanquished by its inability to read the environment, Woolworths and MFI being two recent examples of such failure. How the environment impacts on the fortunes of the business firm is nowhere more evident than in the collapse of many business enterprises including financial institutions (banks) in the current worldwide economic downturn. Even starker is the effect of continuing bad weather either in the form of floods or snow on the viability of a whole range of firms in the UK. Had the environment represented by the UK government not provided a lifeline to some of the major banks in the form of taxpayer subsidies, or buy-outs, they would not have survived. Different political ideologies at different times affect the business enterprise in different ways. The collapse of communism and the breaking down of the Berlin wall in 1989, coupled with the Internet phenomenon resulted in the abolition of legislation preventing global communication and industrialisation. Since then there has been a plethora of international mergers, acquisitions

EUROPEAN UNION EQUALITY POLICIES AND WORKPLACE LEGISLATION Essay

EUROPEAN UNION EQUALITY POLICIES AND WORKPLACE LEGISLATION - Essay Example The legislation also advocate for the provisions that ensure that the disabled people in the society are able to work comfortably. This essay shall discuss the equality policies and workplace legislations that cover gender, age, religion and belief, race, and ethnicity. The European Union has formulated policies that advocate for gender equality in many angles. They ensure and promote the existence of equity between men and women, the promote application of gender mainstreaming and facilitate exploration of transgender issues. The policies ensure that the European Union observes gender equality in all the activities at the workplace. The legislations through the Treaty of Rome came up with a principle that ensure that each member state shall give equal pay for men women for equal work (Allen QC & Crasnow, 2001). This principle advocates for equality between men and women and concentrates in the equality at the workplace than in the society. Among all the inequalities in the workplace, the European Union takes more focus to address the issue of gender inequality. The European Union has so far launched a committee that advocates for women rights in its member states. It then established a commission on equal opportunities for all gender to support th e activities carried out by the advisory that handles issues on the availability of equal opportunities between men and women. To sum all these efforts up the European Union has a Commissioner that issues an annual report on gender equality (Carver & Mottier, 1998). The European union refers to equality between men and women when dealing with issues of gender equality rather than women rights since the latter appears as one sided which shows one kind of gender is given dominance. Apart from the provision of equal pay for equal work of an equal value for all gender the European Union has a directive that ensures equal treatment for all gender in matters concerning access to training and employment. This clause also